Microstructure component

ABSTRACT

A microstructure component is proposed, in particular an encapsulated micromechanical sensor element, at least one microstructure ( 18 ), especially patterned out from a silicon layer ( 14 ), being encapsulated by a glass element ( 51 ). It is further provided that at least the region of the glass element ( 51 ) covering the microstructure ( 18 ) is furnished with an electrically conductive coating ( 50 ) on its side facing the microstructure ( 18 ).

[0001] The present invention relates to a microstructure element, especially an encapsulated micromechanical sensor element, according to the species defined in the main claim.

BACKGROUND INFORMATION

[0002] An acceleration sensor produced by surface micromechanics, which is provided with an encapsulation for protection from external influences such as humidity or dirt particles, as well as for the maintenance of a vacuum, and a layer system for producing such a sensor are known from U.S. Pat. No. 5,756,901. In addition, from DE 195 37 814 A1, a sensor and a method for its production are known, in which a movable sensor element has been patterned out of a silicon layer with the aid of surface-micromechanical methods.

[0003] A known method for encapsulating sensor elements, described, for example, in DE 195 37 814 A1, is the so-called bonding of silicon caps by a seal-glass solder connection, which, however, on account of the flow behavior of the solder, requires a large surface reserve. Alternative, space-saving methods not having surface reserves are based on a so-called anodic bond process, in which Pyrex glass or a similar glass is connected to a silicon layer by applying an electric voltage of 1000 V or more, at a temperature of 400° C., for example, so that, by a charge separation in the glass (Na⁺ ions and O²⁻ ions) a high-strength connection between the Pyrex and the silicon is created after an adhesion phase that is at first reversible.

[0004] To go into detail, it is customary, in the case of such an anodic bond, of a cap or plate made of Pyrex glass over surface micromechanical sensor structures, to first prestructure it in such a way that it has a recess in the vicinity of the sensor structures, and subsequently to connect it hermetically sealed to the silicon from which the sensor structures were patterned out. However, in this context the problem arises that, because of the high electric voltage applied, the self-supporting and movable sensor structures are deflected electrostatically, and partially bond to the glass plate. This danger is increased further in that Pyrex glass demonstrates good adhesion properties to silicon, and stores electric charges on its surface which exert forces on the sensor structures even without external influence, and thus impair their function. By the way, feed-through openings in the cap should be provided for a front side contact of the sensor structures that is frequently desired.

[0005] If, on the other hand, the recess is deepened to such an extent that the electrostatic attraction is reduced to a reasonable degree, such a cap is no longer able to act at the same time as the upper stop for the protection of the micromechanical structures generated, i.e. in the overload case, such as in case of mechanical shocks to acceleration sensor structures, the latter are deflected upwards, without hindrance, so far that they are destroyed. Moreover, structuring Pyrex glass is problematical when etching depths of some 10 μm are required.

[0006] In the encapsulation by anodic bonding of Pyrex glass to silicon, it is also disadvantageous that, in the process, oxygen is liberated from open glass surfaces, so that, in practice, lowest pressures that may be enclosed under such caps is about 100 mbar, which is insufficient by far for rotational rate sensors made by surface micromechanics, which generally require working pressures of about 1 mbar. To overcome this problem, using getter materials has been suggested, which bind the oxygen in the cavity formed by the cap. However, this procedure is expensive, and a great effort from a process technology point of view.

[0007] Finally, in the case of encapsulation of microstructure components, it is known that one may use a silicon wafer as the encapsulation wafer which has been provided with a glass layer on the surface, for example, a Pyrex glass layer. This is then ground to the desired thickness, is polished, and is finally provided with structuring in the form of a cavity as the cap for the sensor element. Overall, thereby, on the one hand, the outflow of oxygen into the interior of the cavity is reduced, and on the other hand, the electrically conductive silicon wafer which forms the actual cap may be electrically contacted, even though this is costly from a process engineering point of view, and this guards against the danger of electrostatic discharge. However, even in this specific embodiment, the danger of electrostatic collapse and the bonding of the capped, microstructured sensor elements to the Pyrex glass layer or an exposed silicon area on the bottom of the cavity in the pyrex glass layer is still present. In addition, in this case too, many times the cap cannot act as a stop for limiting a vertical deflection of the encapsulated microstructures in the case of overload, since, as a result of the relatively high tolerances in the grinding and polishing, the thickness of the Pyrex glass layer, which determines the distance of the cavity bottom from the microstructure, is too great for effectively limiting the deflection, or, on the other hand, is too small to be able to exclude an electrostatic collapse during the anodic bonding. In addition to that, the grinding back down of the Pyrex layer with great precision represents a considerable cost factor, one always having to be prepared for residual tolerances of +/−5 μm. This being the case, the residual thickness of this layer has to be laid out to be at least 20 μm, which makes it ineffective as a stop. In addition, the structuring of Pyrex glass layers that are ca 20 μm thick by plasmas or hydrofluoric acid solutions is costly and time-intensive.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0008] With respect to the related art, the microstructure component according to the present invention has the advantage that, when it is used, a secure, hermetically sealed and reliable encapsulation of sensor elements in particular produced by surface micromechanics is achieved, without there being a danger of an electrostatic collapse caused by excessive deflection in the direction of the glass element. This being the case, an electric voltage may be freely selected for application to the connection of the glass element to, for example, a silicon layer, without having to consider the microstructures, since, according to the present invention, these are shielded on all sides from undesired electrical fields.

[0009] Besides that, electrostatic discharge of the inside of the cap during the operation of the microstructure component is excluded, and it is advantageously possible to bring the inside of the cap to a specified potential or to contact the electrically conductive coating in the inside of the cap from outside, without a substantial effort.

[0010] It is also of advantage that an outflow of oxygen from the glass element on its side facing the microstructures is prevented by the coating, and that a highly precise grinding process or deep structuring of the glass element may be omitted. In addition to this, the glass element may now, at the same time, take on the function of a vertical stop for limiting the vertical deflection of the microstructures in the case of an overload without additional costs, i.e. an encapsulation is achieved which combines the advantages of the anodic bonding technology with a stop function, and which excludes a relevant outflow of oxygen from the glass element. The electrically conductive coating applied thus also acts very advantageously as a seal, and as a diffusion barrier for oxygen ions, so that even low pressures such as approximately 1 mbar, as are required for rotational rate sensors, are able to be maintained for long periods of time in the encapsulated microstructure component, without additional measures, such as the application of getter materials, which was explained.

[0011] Advantageous further refinements of the present invention result from the measures indicated in the dependent claims.

[0012] Thus, it is advantageous if the side of the glass element facing away from the microstructure, i.e. the outside of the encapsulation, also has an electrically conductive layer, since then, the electrical voltage applied during bonding is distributed homogeneously over the entire surface of the glass element. In addition, this layer permits the electrostatic holding of the silicon wafer in a plasma etching system, during later backside structuring processes of the silicon layer, from which each respective microstructure is preferably patterned out. Moreover, it is of advantage that this layer also may be applied only in a later process state, for instance, directly before carrying out a backside etching.

[0013] It is also advantageous that, when the glass element is connected to the silicon layer, which takes place at increased temperatures such as 400° C., at least partially, an alloy is formed between the coating of metal applied to the inside of the cap or the glass element and the silicon, which leads to a particularly good ohmic contact having a low contact resistance between the metal coating and the silicon in the boundary regions. In this way, in addition, the enclosed microstructures are further shielded from electrical fields and charges.

[0014] In the case of a metal layer as the electrically conductive coating, it is advantageous that it exerts low adhesion forces on silicon, and thus a low tendency to adhere. In addition to this, because this metal layer is electrically tied to the silicon substrate and is accessible from the outside via a separate contact surface, voltage differences between the microstructures and the underside of the cap, i.e. the metal layer, may be effectively suppressed or set specifically for special applications. Such a voltage suppression may advantageously be carried out by dynamically incorporating the metal coating of the glass element on its inside with the potential of the microstructures.

[0015] Provided, first of all, a cavity has been generated in the glass element, above the region taken up by the microstructures, and subsequently, the electrically conductive coating, such as in the form of a metal coating has been applied to the glass element and the inside of the cavity, the possibility arises of simply polishing off the glass element present, for example, as a Pyrex glass plate, and thereby freeing it planarly from surmounting metal, instead of performing a photo process and subsequent etching for structuring the metal coating. Thereby a planar transition from glass to metal is advantageously created in the border or edge region of the cavity.

[0016] In this case it is additionally advantageous if the metal layer is executed clearly thicker, for instance 0.5 μm to 5 μm, since this leads to a greater and improved overlap of metal and silicon in the border region, i.e. the planar transition generated by the polishing. Then, in this overlap, there is created, in a subsequent anodic bonding, at least pointwisea metal-silicon alloy, which ensures a particularly good electrical contact of the metal layer to the silicon layer. This procedural manner has the additional advantage that no topographical differences appear on the glass layer which might impair the bonding. In addition, the thicker metal layer leads to a further improved electrical shielding and diffusion-blocking effect.

[0017] In the case where the glass element is designed as a thin glass layer, which is connected on its side facing away from the microstructure to a supporting body, preferably a silicon layer or a silicon wafer, one achieves an improved adaptation of glass element and the silicon layer with respect to arising mechanical stresses, since the mechanical influence of the glass layer decreases on account of its clearly reduced thickness compared to a free glass plate.

[0018] Furthermore too, in this case, the cutting apart of the microstructure components on a wafer after manufacturing is simplified, since now the sawing through of the complete layer buildup may be performed in a single sawing step. As against this, when a thicker glass plate is used withtout a supporting body, two sawing steps are required, one for the glass plate and one for the substrate, i.e. the silicon wafer.

[0019] Incidentally, the supporting body in the form of a silicon wafer assures a homogeneous application of the electrical voltage applied during bonding with respect to a glass plate, i.e. one may do without the additional conductive layer on the outside of the cap that was explained before. Finally, it is advantageous in this case that only slight requirements have to be put on the accuracy of the residual layer thickness after a grinding and polishing process, which makes it relatively cost-effective.

[0020] Overall, one thereby takes into the bargain the advantage of the simpler and more cost-effective sawing process for a somewhat more costly processing of the glass layer and the supporting body connected to it.

[0021] In summary, the microstructural component has the advantage that, for its production, only relatively simple, easily manageable structuring processes are required, and that, at the same time, a considerable reduction is achieved in the usage of chip surface during the encapsulation. Furthermore, for structuring the glass element with a cavity, it is only necessary to etch the glass element to a depth of some μm, for which resist masks may also be used.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

[0022] The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings and in the description below. The figures show:

[0023] FIGS. 1 to 3 method steps during the encapsulation of a microstructure component within the framework of a first exemplary embodiment, in cross section,

[0024] FIGS. 4 to 6 analogous method steps of a second exemplary embodiment,

[0025] FIGS. 7 to 9 analogous method steps of a thitd exemplary embodiment,

[0026]FIG. 10 a method step analogous to FIG. 4 or FIG. 7 of a fifth exemplary embodiment, and

[0027]FIG. 11 a corresponding method step of a sixth exemplary embodiment.

EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

[0028] FIGS. 1 to 3 explain a first exemplary embodiment of a microstructure component. FIG. 1 shows first of all a silicon wafer as substrate 10 in section, onto which, in a known method, a lower insulating layer 11 made of an oxide or insulating oxide has been applied. On lower insulating layer 11 there is also present a conducting structure 12 known per se, which is made, for example, of buried polysilicon. On buried conducting structure 12 or lower insulating layer 11, then, there is deposited, analogously to lower insulating layer 11, an upper insulating layer 13 made of an oxide or an insulating oxide, on which, in turn, a silicon layer 14 made of polysilicon is deposited, which has a thickness of 10 μm to 100 μm. Substrate 10, conducting structure 12 and silicon layer 14 are of the same doping type, i.e. p-doped or preferably n-doped.

[0029] From silicon layer 14, largely self-supporting microstructures 18 have been patterned out in a known way, by suitable masking and etching techniques, which are separated from one another by trenches 19. This being the case, silicon layer 14 is the “bonding frame” for microstructures 18. There is further provided at least one microcontacting structure 27 as a part of the microstructure component, which is connected to the conducting structure 12 in an electrically conductive manner, and via which individual microstructures 18 are able to be controlled electrically. Below microstructures 18 a first recess is 24 provided, so that microstructures 18 are suspended in silicon layer 14, largely in a self-supporting manner. By the way, it is provided that microstructures 18 and microcontacting structure 27 are set back or “countersunk” (flush-mounted) in a known way with respect to silicon layer 14, so that above these there is created a second recess 23, which is, for instance, 5 μm to 10 μm deep. The individual method steps for generating the microstructure component according to FIG. 1 are known per se from the manufacturing of acceleration sensors, apart from the encapsulation which is subsequently explained. The production of “countersunk” structures in surface micromechanics is known especially from DE 199 40 512.3.

[0030]FIG. 1 also shows a glass layer 51 which is designed in the form of a Pyrex glass plate of a thickness such as 0.5 mm. On this glass layer 51, on the side facing microstructures 18, there is then applied a thin coating 50 in the form of a metal layer and it is structured in such a way that it covers the region of second recess 23, i.e. especially the region taken up by microstructures 18 and microcontacting structure 27, and at the same time circularly goes beyond the area taken up by second recess 23 in a top view. Finally, it is provided that glass layer 51, on its side facing away from microstructures 18, is furnished over its whole surface with a conducting layer 52, for example, with a metal layer. This conducting layer 52, as has already been explained, is partially advantageous in the further production of the micro structure component, but not absolutely necessary.

[0031]FIG. 2 explains a method step following FIG. 1, glass layer 51 along with coating 50 and conducting layer 52 having been brought into contact with the surface of silicon layer 14. Thereafter, substrate 10 was grounded and an electrical voltage was applied between glass layer 51 and substrate 10 of typically 1000 V at a temperature such as 400° C. This method, which is denoted as “anodic bonding”, leads to an intimate, hermetically sealed connection of glass layer 51 to silicon layer 14.

[0032] In this connection, by hermetically sealed is understood a connection which is both gastight and sealed against moisture.

[0033]FIG. 2 also shows that, because of the connection of glass layer 51 to silicon layer 14, coating 50, in an edge region 55, is present between glass layer 51 and silicon layer 14. This edge region 55, in a top view, depending on the form of second recess 23, for example, may be annular, however, it is preferably closed in on itself.

[0034] Since coating 50 in the example explained has a thickness of 3 nm to 100 nm, preferably 10 nm to 50 nm, there remains a pocket region 54 between glass layer 51 and silicon layer 14 that is not bonded, i.e. in this region silicon layer 14 is not in contact with glass layer 51, the region's extension clearly depending on the thickness of coating 50. It typically extends over a region 5 to 10 times the thickness of coating 50.

[0035] Since upon the connection of glass layer 51 to silicon layer 14 there also comes about an intimate, especially electrically conductive contact between silicon layer 14 and coating 50, coating 50, during the entire process of anodic bonding, regardless of the high applied electrical voltage and even after completion of the bonding, is fixed to the potential of silicon layer 14 and via that, to that of substrate 10, to which microstructures 18 are also connected via microcontacting structure 27 and conducting structure 12. This being the case, microcontacting structures 18 are effectively shielded by coating 50 from electric fields and charges. It should be mentioned, by the way, that, because of the slight thickness of coating 50, the extension of pocket region 54 is negligible, and does not significantly impair the encapsulation achieved.

[0036] Thus, all in all, at the end of the method step according to FIG. 2, a cavity 40 has been created above microstructures 18, which has a depth corresponding to the height of recess 23.

[0037]FIG. 3 explains the closing method steps for the completion of the microstructure component, in which, for the electrical contacting of microcontacting structure 27 or above that of microstructures 18, insulating trenches 26 are etched in from the backside in the usual way, which reach in their depth to lower insulating layer 11. Terminal contacting structures 25 are defined by these insulating trenches 26, which, on the one hand, are furnished with a usual metallization in the form of contact surfaces 28, and on the other hand, are connected to conductive structures 12. In the example explained, contact surfaces 28 are metal surfaces, made of aluminum, for instance, or aluminum-silicon, aluminum-silicon-copper, chromium/gold or tungsten-titanium/gold. Incidentally, as indicated in FIG. 3, coating 50 is electrically accessible via silicon layer 14 and a conductive structure 12, preferably also via a terminal contacting structure 25 and a contact surface 28. However, in this context, it should be emphasized that, if glass layer 51 is suitably perforated analogously to DE 195 37 814 A1, alternatively an electrical contacting is also possible from the front side of silicon layer 14. For this purpose, one has only to prestructure glass layer 51 in such a way that it has passage openings, so-called contact holes, in the region connecting surfaces of microcontacting structure 27 and microstructures 18 that are also applied at the front, through which later the contact surfaces that are between silicon layer 14 and glass layer 51 may be contacted using wire bonding.

[0038] It should also be mentioned that the distance of microcontacting structures 18 from coating 50 is given by the height of cavity 40, according to FIG. 3, i.e. coating 50 and glass layer 51 connected to it act at the same time as a vertical stop for microstructures 18 in the case of overload. In addition to this, it should be emphasized that, for the implementation of rotational rate sensors, the manufacturing process of the encapsulated microstructure component is carried out in such a way that cavity 40 encloses a vacuum such as 1 mbar.

[0039] As materials for producing coating 50 in the form of a metal layer, above all, chromium, aluminum, gold, platinum, titanium, silver or combinations or alloys of these are suitable.

[0040] One preferred specific embodiment provides that coating 50 has two partial layers, one metal layer and one an adhesion layer improving the adhesion to the glass layer, the adhesion layer preferably being a chromium layer, a tungsten-titanium layer or a chromium-copper layer, and having a thickness of only a few nanometers. Such a thickness is sufficient, since coating 50 carries no currents as a rule, and only has to counter electrostatic discharges. On the other hand, it is ensured in this manner that the anodic bonding used behaves without problems. Thus, because of the elasticity of glass layer 51 and the attractive surface forces that appear between glass layer 51 and silicon layer 14, good adhesion is achieved in spite of the topography of the surface of glass layer 51 caused by coating 50.

[0041]FIGS. 4 through 6 explain a second exemplary embodiment, microstructures 18 and microcontacting structure 27 are not set back with respect to silicon layer 14 or countersunk. Furthermore, in FIG. 5 it is shown that, depending on the application, silicon layer 14 is also able to have insulating trenches 26, which have been produced in the usual way, analogously to trenches 19. These insulating trenches 26 are used, for example for the electrical separation of different regions of silicon layer 14.

[0042]FIG. 4 shows that glass layer 51 made of Pyrex glass in this exemplary embodiment has a cavity 49 which is dimensioned in such a way that it covers the region in silicon layer 14 taken up by microstructures 18 and microcontacting structure 27, respectively. Consequently, cavity 49 forms a cap over microstructures 18 after glass layer 51 is connected to silicon layer 14, whereby, once again, a cavity 40 is created, i.e. cavity 49 replaces the countersinking of microstructures 18 as in FIG. 1.

[0043] Going into greater detail, it is provided that cavity 49 in glass layer 51 has a depth of a few micrometers, such as 1 μm to 10 μm, and once again a coating 50 is applied to glass layer 51 in the region of cavity 49 and beyond it in edge region 55, which is analogous to the coating according to the first exemplary embodiment. In particular, this coating 50 has a thickness of 10 nm to 50 nm.

[0044] Because of coating 50, since consideration of electrostatic attractive forces and discharges no longer has to be taken with respect to the anodic bonding of silicon layer 14 and glass layer 51, a depth of cavity 49 of a few micrometers is sufficient, i.e. it is able to have been etched wet-chemically using a hydrofluoric acid solution or dry-chemically by etching using reactive fluorine plasmas into glass layer 51.

[0045]FIG. 4 also shows that cavity 49 has sidewall profiles which become narrower going inwards, i.e. in the direction towards the bottom of the cavity. This simplifies a subsequent application of coating 50 to the sidewalls and the bottom of cavity 49 as well as to edge region 55 which extends into glass layer 51. Moreover, it is important that cavity 49, which preferably has the shape of a tub, has a rounded edge 58 running all around, which is also furnished with coating 50.

[0046] For the production of cavity 49, having rounded edge 58, on the one hand, known plasma etching processes may be used. However, on the other hand, wet etching techniques are also suitable, since, in view of the low etching depths of a few micrometers photo-resist masking is also sufficient.

[0047] Furthermore, since hydrofluoric acid creeps below photo-resist masking at the edges, as is known, a profile of cavity 49 is automatically created which is undercut isotropically in the direction towards the cavity bottom, and which, in the vicinity of the rounded edge 58 runs flat toward the outside. Consequently, because of the isotropic etching character of a hydrofluoric acid solution and the creeping under mentioned, it is enough to obtain a concave sidewall surface in the upper part of cavity 49 which runs out flat.

[0048] Preferably, plasma etching and wet etching are combined, since, on the one hand, first of all in a simple way, using plasma etching, a sidewall profile may be implemented that becomes narrower going towards the cavity bottom, and on the other hand, by a subsequent overetching, for instance, using hydrofluoric acid solution, the explained creeping under the photo-resist mask removes the edges of cavity 49, SO that a rounded edge 58 is created which runs out flat.

[0049] In this manner it is ensured that cavity 49 is formed for a subsequent metallization or a subsequent application of coating 50 in such a way that an even metallization comes about at all locations of the surface of cavity 49, without threatening to tear off at sharp edges, which would prevent a reliable electrical contact between coating 50 and silicon layer 14.

[0050] Coating 50 as in FIG. 4, by the way, just as was the case in FIG. 1, is preferably applied by being sputtered on.

[0051]FIG. 5 explains a further method step in which glass layer 51 having cavity 49 and coating 50 is brought into contact with the surface of silicon layer 14. In this context, it is essential that cavity 49 is placed precisely above microstructures 18, so that coating 50 is in contact again in a preferably self-enclosed circumferential edge region 55 with silicon layer 14. On account of the height of coating 50 of 10 nm to 50 nm, according to FIG. 5 analogously to FIG. 2, pocket regions 54 are created, which, however do not interfere with anything.

[0052] With respect to the adjustment of glass layer 51 furnished with cavity 49, it is advantageous if conductive layer 52, applied to the side of glass layer 51 facing away from microstructures 18, is first of all not yet present, because then the adjustment can be performed optically in a simple way through transparent glass layer 51. If conductive layer 52 is already present, to accomplish the adjustment, for example, adjustment markings may be used which specify the relative position of glass layer 51 and silicon layer 14 to each other.

[0053] According to FIG. 5, since coating 50 goes beyond cavity 49 in edge region 55, during the anodic bonding of glass layer 51 and silicon layer 14, which is carried out analogously to the first exemplary embodiment, coating 50 is pressed against silicon layer 14 in the adhesion phase during the bonding, and thus electrically contacted with it.

[0054]FIG. 6 explains, analogously to FIG. 3, how the backside of substrate 10 is furnished with terminal contacting structures 25, contact surfaces 28 and insulating trenches 26. In this context, it is again provided that coating 50 be connected in an electrically conductive manner to a terminal contacting structure 25 via silicon layer 14 and a conductive structure 12, so that, for example, the electric potential of coating 50 may be brought along dynamically with an electric potential of microstructures 18. In this manner one obtains overall an hermetically sealed, encapsulated microstructure component, which is electrically shielded from outer fields. At the same time, the height of cavity 49 limits the maximum deflection of microstructures 18, for instance during overload.

[0055] FIGS. 7 to 9 explain a third exemplary embodiment which differs from the second exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 4 to 6 only in that, starting from FIG. 4 or alternatively from a first of all whole surface metallization of the side of glass layer 51 facing microstructures 18 having cavity 49, glass layer 51 having coating 50 is polished off in a planar manner, and consequently, apart from the region of cavity 49, again becomes free from coating 50. In this way there is automatically created a planar, rounded transition from glass layer 51 to coating 50 in the vicinity of rounded edge 58.

[0056] In FIG. 7 it is further provided, deviating from FIG. 4, that coating 50 is clearly selected thicker, for example, 0.5 μm to 5 μm, which leads to the overlap of coating 50 and silicon layer 14 being greater in edge regions 55 when glass layer 51 is connected to silicon layer 14 according to FIG. 8. Consequently, in anodic bonding according to FIG. 8 there is created in edge regions 55, at least pointwise, an alloy of the material of coating 50, i.e. a metal, with the silicon from silicon layer 14, which leads to a particularly good electrical contact between coating 50 and silicon layer 14.

[0057] The advantage of the exemplary embodiment as in FIGS. 7 to 9 compared to the exemplary embodiments as in FIGS. 4 to 6 is that no topographical differences, impairing the connection of silicon layer 14 and glass layer 51, appear which lead to the formation of pocket regions 54. Furthermore, in the third exemplary embodiment, coating 50 may and should be selected comparatively thick, since this leads to an improved electrical shielding and an improved diffusion blocking effect against the outflow of oxygen from glass layer 51 into cavity 40. The production of the microstructure component as in FIG. 9 corresponds to FIG. 6 which has already been explained.

[0058] A fourth exemplary embodiment, explained with the aid of FIG. 10, first of all, instead of starting with a glass layer 51 in the form of a relatively thick Pyrex glass plate, starts with a silicon wafer, or rather a silicon layer 56, on the surface of which glass layer 51 is applied in the form of a thin Pyrex glass layer, which has a thickness of 1 μm to 50 μm. To do this, a platelet or a wafer made of Pyrex glass was first connected in a known way to silicon wafer 56, and was subsequently ground down so that glass layer 51 was obtained at a layer thickness of 20 μm to 50 μm. Alternatively, applying the Pyrex glass to silicon wafer 56 may be performed especially at the later bonding stage, but also by sputtering on, for instance, a 1 μm thick Pyrex layer and later polishing.

[0059] In the explained grinding back, since the thickness of glass layer 51 that is achieved is no critical parameter, and since it runs over the surface of silicon wafer 56, grinding back is a relatively cost-effective process which does not have great accuracy requirements. It is only essential that the residual layer thickness of glass layer 51 is clearly greater than the depth of cavity 49 generated subsequently. It is also essential, when generating cavity 49, that glass layer 51 is not etched through right down to silicon wafer 56, i.e. in the vicinity of cavity 49 there must also remain a thickness of glass layer 51 which guarantees a sufficient electrical insulation between silicon wafer 56 and the finally generated coating 50. The exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 10, by the way, is completely analogous to the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 7 to 9.

[0060] A fifth exemplary embodiment, which is explained with the aid of FIG. 11, starts from the exemplary embodiment as in FIG. 10, an insulating layer 57 being additionally provided between glass layer 51 and silicon wafer 56, for example, made of a thermally produced silicon oxide, This insulating layer 57 has a thickness of 1 μm to 2 μm, and is used for the electrical insulation of silicon wafer 56 from glass layer 51. In order to produce insulating layer 57 on silicon wafer 56, it is provided that the latter be first of all thermally oxidized, and that subsequently the Pyrex glass plate is connected to the thermally oxidized surface of silicon wafer 56, before the grinding back. However, as an alternative, glass layer 51 may first be sputtered on and subsequently polished in this case too.

[0061] On account of additional insulating layer 57, compared to FIG. 10 it is achieved that even if the residual layer thickness of ground-back glass layer 51 may at some time become critically thin, the insulating oxide still ensures a sufficient electrical resistance to breakdown with respect to an electric voltage applied during subsequent anodic bonding of glass layer 51 to silicon layer 14. Other than that, the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 11 corresponds to the exemplary embodiment already explained with the aid of FIGS. 7 to 9. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A microstructure component, especially an encapsulated micromechanical sensor element, having at least one microstructure which is encapsulated by a glass element, wherein at least the region of the glass element (51) covering the microstructure (18) is furnished with an electrically conductive coating (50) on its side facing the microstructure (18).
 2. The microstructure component as recited in claim 1, wherein the microstructure (18) is patterned out from a layer (14), in particular a silicon layer; and the glass element (51) is connected from place to place to the layer (14).
 3. The microstructure component as recited in claim 1 or 2, wherein the coating (50) has at least one metal layer, in particular a chromium layer, an aluminum layer, a gold layer, a platinum layer, a nickel layer, a silver layer or a combination of these.
 4. The microstructure component as recited in claim 3, wherein, besides the metal layer, the coating (50) has an adhesion layer connected to the glass element (51), in particular a chromium layer, a tungsten-titanium layer or a chromium-copper layer.
 5. The microstructure component as recited in claim 1, wherein the coating (50) has a thickness of 3 nm to 5 nm.
 6. The microstructure component as recited in claim 2, wherein the coating (50) extends beyond the region of the glass element (51) covering the microstructure (18), and is connected to the layer (14) in an electrically conductive manner, in an edge region (55) that is in particular closed in on itself.
 7. The microstructure component as recited in claim 6, wherein in the edge region (55), at least from place to place or point to point, an alloy of the material of the coating (50) with the material of the layer (14) is present, in particular a metal-silicon alloy.
 8. The microstructure component as recited in one of the preceding claims, wherein the coating (50) is able to be electrically contacted from outside the encapsulated microstructure (18).
 9. The microstructure component as recited in one of the preceding claims, wherein the glass element (51) is a 100 μm to 2 mm thick glass plate or a 1 μm to 100 μm thick glass layer connected to a supporting body.
 10. The microstructure component as recited in one of the preceding claims, wherein the glass element (51) is made of a glass, in particular Pyrex glass, containing an alkaline element.
 11. The microstructure component as recited in one of the preceding claims, wherein the glass element (51) is furnished at least from place to place with a conductive layer (52), in particular a metal layer (52), on its side facing away from the microstructure (18).
 12. The microstructure component as recited in claim 9, wherein the supporting body is a silicon layer (56), in particular a silicon wafer or a layer system having a silicon layer (56) and an insulating layer (57) separating the glass layer from the silicon layer (56).
 13. The microstructure component as recited in one of the preceding claims, wherein between the microstructure (18) and the coating (50) a cavity (40) is enclosed.
 14. The microstructure component as recited in one of the preceding claims, wherein the microstructure (18) is encapsulated hermetically sealed by the glass element (51), in particular at a pressure of 10 mbar to 0.1 mbar.
 15. The microstructure component as recited in one of the preceding claims, wherein the glass element (51), in the region covering the microstructure (18), has a structuring, in particular a cavity (49), which on its surface is furnished with the electrically conductive coating (50).
 16. The microstructure component as recited in one of the preceding claims, wherein the cavity (49) has a depth of 1 μm to 20 μm.
 17. The microstructure component as recited in one of the preceding claims, wherein the cavity (49) is formed in the shape of a tub, and has an encircling, rounded edge (58) which is furnished with the electrically conductive coating (50).
 18. The microstructure component as recited in one of the preceding claims, wherein the cavity (49), in particular on all sides, has such slant-wise standing or curved sidewalls furnished with the electrically conductive coating (50) that the cavity (49) tapers in the direction towards the bottom of the cavity. 